जब किसी वाक्य में आना (order), परामर्श (advice) या प्रार्थना (request) प्रकट की गयी हो तो उसे Imperative Sentence कहते हैं। इसमें कर्ता you' छिपा रहता है तथा वाक्य Finite Verb से प्रारम्भ होता है।
Rule
1. Reporting Verb said' को भाव के अनुसार इस प्रकार बदलते हैं:-
Ø यदि order
हो तो ordered, commanded आदि में।
Ø यदि advice
हो तो advised, urged आदि में ।
Ø यदि request
हो तो requested, begged, implored, entreated आदि में ।
Rule
2. Reported Speech के Verb
के पहले 'to' जोड़कर Infinitive बना देते हैं। जैसे-
Direct :
The teacher said to me. "Sit in your class and learn your lesson.
Indirect
: The teacher ordered me to sit in my
class and learn my lesson.
2.
Direct " He said to his friend, "Work hard."
Indirect
He advised his friend to work hard.
Rule
3. Reported Speech के Vocative
Case के Noun को Reporting
Verb का कर्म (Object) बना देते हैं। जैसे-
Direct:-The teacher said, "Sit
down, boys."
Indirect The teacher ordered the boys
to sit down.
Rule
4. जब Reported Speech निषेधात्मक हो अर्थात् 'Do not' से प्रारम्भ हो, तो इसके परिवर्तन की दो विधियाँ हैं-
(a)
Reporting Verb को forbade में बदल दिया जाता है तथा Reported Speech में आये हुये
'Do not' को समाप्त करके क्रिया से पहले to लगा देते हैं। जैसे-
Direct
:-The teacher said to the boy, "Do
not abuse anyone."
Indirect
: -The teacher forbade the boy to abuse anyone.
(b)
दूसरी विधि में Reporting Verb 'said' को भाव के अनुसार ordered, advised या requested
में बदला जाता
है किन्तु इसमें Reported Speech में से केवल 'Do' हटता है और 'not' के बाद 'to Infinitive' का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे-
Direct :- My
father said to me, "Don't waste your time."
Indirect :- My father advised me not to
waste my time.
Rule
5. Reported Speech जब 'never'
से प्रारम्भ हो तो
Reporting Verb को advised
में बदल देते हैं
और 'never' तथा क्रिया के बीच to का प्रयोग करते हैं। जैसे-
Direct
The teacher said to the student, "Never waste your time."
Indirect
The teacher advised the student never to waste his time.
Note- Never
वाले वाक्यों में
forbade का प्रयोग नहीं होता है।
Rule
6. जब Reported Speech में 'Sir',
'Please', 'Kindly' आदि शब्दों का प्रयोग होता है तो Indirect बनाते समय इन शब्दों को हटा देते हैं तथा Reporting Verb को requested
में बदल देते हैं।
जैसे-
Direct :-
The student said to the teacher, "Sir, mark me present."
Indirect :- The student
requested the teacher to mark him present.
Direct :
Ram said to Shyam, "Please come and tell me something."
Indirect : Ram requested
Shyam to go and tell him something.
Direct :
She said to Sita, "Kindly help
me."
Indirect : She requested
Sita to help her.
Rule
7. यदि Reported Speech में if
से प्रारम्भ होने
वाले Clause में सलाह का भाव है तो Indirect Speech में should
का प्रयोग अच्छा
माना जाता है। जैसे -
Direct :- My
mother said, "If you suffer from cold and cough, consult a doctor
surely."
Indirect :- My mother said if I suffered from cold and
cough, I should consult a doctor surely.
Or
My mother
advised me to consult a doctor surely if I suffered from cold and cough.
कुछ Imperative
Sentences देखने में Interrogative जैसे लगते हैं पर ये वास्तव में Interrogative नहीं होते। ये Imperative ही होते हैं क्योंकि इनसे विनम्रतापूर्वक
प्रार्थना का भाव झलकता है। ऐसे वाक्यों को Indirect
बनाते समय इनके Reporting Verbs को वाक्य के आशय के अनुसार बदल देते हैं।
जैसे-
1. Direct :-
"Would you please give me your pen ?" he said to me.
Indirect :- He requested me to give him my pen.
2. Direct :-
He said, "Could I use your phone?"
Indirect :- He requested me to use my phone.
3. Direct :-
She said, "Would you like a
sandwich ?"
Indirect :- She offered me a sandwich.
4. Direct :-
She said, "Would you like to have tea with me?"
Indirect :- She invited me to have tea with her.
5. Direct :-
He said to them, "Would you like to sit down ?"
Indirect :- He requested them to sit down.
EXERCISE
3 (A)
Change
into Indirect Speech:
1. The master said to his servant, "Bring me a
cup of milk."
2. He said to me, "Kindly help me."
3. "Sit down and learn your lesson, boys,"
said the teacher.
4. The teacher said to him, "Remain
standing."
5. The doctor said to the patient, "Do not take
butter while you are under my treatment."
6. The sage said, "Trust in God and do the right.”
7. The teacher said to the boys, "Do not make a
noise in the class."
8. "Listen
to me when I teach," said the teacher to us.
9. The landlord said to the farmer, "Go away from
here and do not show me your face again."
10. He said to us. "Keep quiet."
11. Mohan said to me, "Do not drive fast, as the
road is very busy."
12. I said to him, "Please do me this
favour."
13. The teacher said to the boy, "Bring your book
and stand near me."
14. He said to us, "Eat well and digest
well."
15. He said, "Could I take your pen, please?"
16. Father said to me, "Behave well towards
others."
17. Rita said, "If you want to see this cassette,
come to my house at 5 p.m."
18. "Help the helpless," said the man to me.
19. The old man said, "Would you pay me in cash,
please?"
20. She said to me, "Could you type one more
letter before you go?"
Imperative Sentences में
आये Let
को बदलने के नियम:-
Let
नीचे दी हुई
बातें प्रकट करने के लिए प्रयोग में आता है:
(1)
प्रस्ताव (proposal):- यदि Let
वाले वाक्य से
प्रस्ताव का बांध होता है, तो साधारणतः वाक्य में let के साथ us का भी प्रयोग होता है। ऐसे वाक्यों को Indirect
बनाने के निम्न
नियम हैं-
(a)
Reporting Verb
को proposed या suggested में बदल देते
हैं।
(b)
Inverted
Commas को हटाकर Connective word 'that' लगाते हैं।
(c)
Objective Case
(us) को Nominative Case (we या they) में Reporting Verb
के Subject के Person के अनुसार
बदलते हैं।
(d)
Let को should में बदलते हैं
और इसे we या they के पश्चात्
लिखते हैं।
1.
Direct :- Hari said, "Let us play a match."
Indirect :- Hari proposed
that they should play a match.
2.
Direct :- Mohan said to his friend,
"Let us go out for a walk."
Indirect :- Mohan proposed to his friend that they should go
out for a walk.
3.
Direct :- Krishna said to Mohan, "Let
us decide our confusion once and for all."
Indirect :- Krishna suggested to Mohan that they should decide
their confusion once and for all.
4.
Direct :- I said to my friend, "Let us go to some
holy place."
Indirect
:- I suggested to my friend that we should go to some
holy place.
यदि किसी स्वीकारात्मक सुझाव (affirmative suggestion) के उत्तर में Let's not का प्रयोग हो तो इसे report करने के लिए objected
या was against it का ही प्रयोग करते हैं। जैसे-
Direct:-
"Let's go to the zoo," said Mohan. "Let's not," said Radha.
Indirect
:- Mohan
suggested to Radha that they should go to the zoo but Radha objected.
Or
Mohan
suggested to Radha that they should go to the zoo but Radha was against it.
(2)
प्रार्थना (request)
यदि Let
वाले वाक्य से
किसी अन्य से किसी काम करने की अनुमति माँगने के लिए प्रार्थना का बोध हो तो ऐसे
वाक्यों को Indirect बनाने के निम्न नियम हैं-
(a)
Reported Verb को requested में बदलते हैं।
(b)
Let को to let में बदलते हैं अथवा let के स्थान पर that लगाकर Noun या Pronoun
के साथ might
be allowed to लिखकर क्रिया का first form लगाते हैं। जैसे-
Direct:-
He said to his officer, "Let me go
home."
Indirect:-
He requested
his officer to let him go home.
Or
He requested his officer that he might be allowed
to go home.
नोट- परन्तु यदि प्रार्थना या सलाह (request or advice) 'Let there be' से प्रारम्भ हो तो इसे that
there should be से ही report किया जायेगा। जैसे:-
1.
Direct:- He said, "Let there be no
inquiry into my case."
Indirect:-
He requested
that there should be no inquiry into his case.
2.
Direct :- He said, "Let there be no talk about her."
Indirect:-
He advised
that there should be no talk about her.
(3)
आदेश (command)
यदि Let
वाले वाक्य से
किसी को आज्ञा देने के भाव का बोध हो तो ऐसे वाक्यों को Indirect बनाने के निम्न नियम हैं
(a)
Reporting Verb को ordered में बदलते हैं।
(b)
Let के स्थान पर that लिखते हैं, फिर Noun
या Pronoun के बाद should का प्रयोग कर Verb तथा अन्य शब्दों को लिखते हैं। जैसे:-
1.
Direct: The officer said to his clerks,
"Let no one come late."
Indirect :- The officer
ordered his clerks that no one should come late.
2.
Direct : -The king said, "Let the man be set free."
Indirect :- The king
ordered that the man should be set free.
EXERCISE:-
3B
Change
into Indirect Speech:
(a)
Ram said to me, "Let us sing
together."
(b)
He said to us, "Let me do it
immediately."
(c)
Sarala said to her younger brother,
"Let me do my homework."
(d)
Ram said to me, "Let us go out for
a walk."
(e)
The cat said to rats, "Let us
start on a pilgrimage."
(f)
He said. "Let us go there at once."
(g)
Pramod said to me, "Let us wait
for our friends."
(h)
The boy said to his father, "Let
me go out to play."
(i)
The mother said, "Let us invite
some friends to our son's birthday."
(j)
She said, "Let us go on a picnic
tomorrow."
(k)
He said, "Let the boy go alone if
he wants to, for he is quite grown up now."
(l)
Mohan said, "Let him suffer for
his mistake."
(m) "Let us prepare our children to face the
future challenges," said the educationist.
(n)
"Let me pick some flowers,"
the child said to the gardener
(o)
The head clerk said to his companions,
"Let the work be completed immediately."
(p)
Mr Sinha's secretary told the client.
"Let me see the documents if they are here."
(q)
"Let me hire you as a nurse for my
poor children," said a butterfly to a quiet caterpillar.
(r)
She said to us, "Let us have some
music."
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