(B) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Interrogative Sentence से प्रश्न का बोध होता है । इस प्रकार के sentences को Indirect में बदलते समय निम्नलिखित बातों बातों का ध्यान रखना चाहिये:
Rule 1. Reporting Verb said to को asked या enquired of में बदल देते हैं।
Rule 2. प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में 'that' Conjunction का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता ।
Rule 3. Indirect में प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य को साधारण वाक्य (Assertive Sentence) बना देते हैं। प्रश्नवाचक चिह्न (?) हटा दिया जाता है और उसके स्थान पर Full Stop (.) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Rule 4. Reported Speech के Pronoun, Verb तथा अन्य शब्दों को Assertive Sentences के नियमों के अनुसार बदलते हैं।
Rule 5. जब Direct Speech में ऐसा प्रश्न हो जिसका उत्तर Yes या No में दिया जा सके अर्थात् Reported Speech किसी सहायक क्रिया (Auxiliary Verb) जैसे - is, are, am, was, were, do, does, did, shall, will, has, have, had, can, may आदि से शुरू हुई है तो Indirect Speech को Connective word if या whether से प्रारम्भ किया जाता है। उसके बाद कर्ता लगाकर फिर से क्रिया का प्रयोग करते हैं। जैसे:-
Ø Direct :- Hari said to me. "Are you reading a book?"
Indirect :- Hari asked me if I was reading a book.
Ø Direct :- Ram said to Hari, "Will you go to school today?"
Indirect :- Ram asked Hari whether he would go to school that day.
Ø Direct :- I said to him, "Can you tell me what the time is?"
Indirect :- I asked him if he could tell me what the time was.
Rule 6. Reported Speech में सहायक क्रिया do या does हो और उसके बाद not न ही तो Indirect बनाते समय उनको हटा देते हैं, और मुख्य किया को Simple Past Tense में बदल देते हैं। जैसे:-
Ø Direct :- She said to me, "Do you know Sohan?"
Indirect :- She asked me whether I knew Sohan.
Ø Direct :- Sita said to Hari. "Do you go there?"
Indirect :- Sita asked Hari if he went there.
Rule 7. अगर Reported Speech में do या does के बाद not हो तो do या does के स्थान पर 'did' कर दिया जाता है। इस प्रकार Reported Speech के Verb का Past Tense स्वतः बन जाता है। जैसे-
Ø Direct : Father said to me, "Do you not obey me?"
Indirect : Father asked me if I did not obey him.
Ø Direct : Ramesh said to his friend, "Don't you go to college today?"
Indirect : Ramesh asked his friend if he didn't go to college that day.
Rule 8. अगर Reported Speech में 'did' Helping Verb हो तो इसे हटा कर मुख्य क्रिया को Past Perfect Tense में बदल देते हैं। जैसे-
Ø Direct :- He said to me, "Did you lend me your book?" Indirect :- He asked me whether I had lent him my book.
Rule 9. यदि Reported Speech प्रश्नसूचक शब्द (what, who, which, whom, whose, when, where, why, how आदि) से शुरू होता हो तो Indirect Speech में कोई अन्य Connective नहीं लगाया जाना चाहिये। ये शब्द ही स्वयं Connective का कार्य करते हैं। प्रश्नसूचक शब्द के पश्कत् कर्ता लगाकर फिर क्रिया का प्रयोग करते हैं। जैसे-
Ø Direct : I said to her, "Who are you and where are you coming from?"
Indirect : I enquired of her who she was and where she was coming from.
Ø Direct : The teacher said to Hari,"Why did you not come to school yesterday?"
Indirect : The teacher asked Hari why he had not come to school the previous day.
Ø Direct : He said to me, "Where do you live?"
Indirect : He asked me where I lived.
Ø Direct : He said to Mohan, "How much money do you want?"
Indirect : He asked Mohan how much money he wanted.
Rule 10. 'Yes', 'No' answer to questions - Reported Speech में आये हुये 'Yes' या 'No ' के स्थान पर पहले वाक्य के Subject और Verb को दुबारा निम्न प्रकार लिखते हैं –
Ø Direct : She said to Reeta, "Can you lend me this watch?" Reeta said, "Yes."
Indirect : She asked Reeta if she (Reeta) could lend her that watch. Reeta replied that she could.
Ø Direct : I said to Anand, "Are you attending the class ?" Anand said, "No."
Indirect : I asked Anand if he was attending the class. Anand said that he wasn't.
Note- कुछ विद्वान 'Yes' को replied in the affirmative तथा 'No' को replied in the negative में बदलते हैं। जैसे उपर्युक्त वाक्यों को निम्न अनुसार भी लिखा जा सकता है:
Reeta replied in the affirmative.
Anand replied in the negative.
Rule 1. जब पसन्द अथवा विकल्प का भाव स्पष्ट करना हो तो / की अपेक्षा whether का प्रयोग अच्छा माना जाता है। जैसे-
Ø Direct : The teacher said to Hari. "Do you want to attend the parade or not?
Indirect- The teacher asked Hari whether he wanted to attend the parade or not.
Ø Direct : The mother said to her son, "Do you want to have milk or tea?"
Indirect : The mother asked her son whether he wanted to have milk or tea.
Rule 2. यदि प्रार्थना, सलाह लेने के लिए की गई है तो Indirect Speech में Second या Third Person के Pronouns you, he, she, they आदि क साथ would के स्थान पर should का प्रयोग ही अच्छा माना जाता है। जैसे:-
Ø Direct : Ravi said, "What shall I do with it, mother?"
Indirect : Ravi asked his mother what he should do with it.
EXERCISE 2(A)
Change into Indirect Speech:
1. The lady said to the girl, "Do you live in this house?"
2. I said to him, "Are you going to school?"
3. Kamla said to Prem, "Can you go with me to the police station?"
4. He said to her, "Will you lend me your pen ?"
5. The teacher'said to the boy. "Have you done your homework?"
6. "What are you doing there?" said my mother to me.
7. "Boy, will you not wash your clothes?" asked the master of the house.
8. She said to me. "Why are you so sad today?"
9. He said to Ramesh, "Why do you stop here?"
10. I said to them. "Where is my watch?"
11. The boys said to Sudhir, "Why will you not play with us today?"
12. You said to him, "Who hit you on the head?"
13. "Who are you and what do you want?" they cried.
14. Mohan said to me. "Why did you not come yesterday?"
15. My father said to me. "Where do you like to go in summer vacation ?"
16. The woman said to me, "Can you help me?"
17. The teacher said to Ranjit. "Why do you want to go home earlier ?"
18. "Have you ever been to Calcutta?" said Ramesh to her.
19. "Will it be a holiday tomorrow?" the boys asked the teacher.
20. He asked me. "How many marks did you secure ?"
21. The young sparrow said, "Mother, what is that strange object?"
22. "What is this tool for?" said my friend to me.
23. She said to him, "May I use your telephone ?"
24. "Has the moon no light of its own?" said the teacher to us.
25. The customer said to the shopkeeper. "Did you close your shop earlier last evening?"
EXERCISE 2 (B)
(From the Nationalized Book)
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
1. "When will the next test match be played?" asked the boys.
2. I said to him, "Where were you yesterday?"
3. I said to him. "Where did you find this old postage stamp ?"
4. He said to us, "What is happening there?"
5. "Who has knocked the flower vase?" said the caretaker.
6. She said to me. "Are you interested in this matter?"
7. "Is it time to leave for the station?" he said.
8. "What will you have tea or coffee?" said Mother to me.
9. Aruna said, "Vimla, do you know Najma's address?"
10. He said to me. "Why did you pluck this flower?"
11. "When will the night bus to Gorakhpur leave ?" said the passenger.
12. She said to them, "How did he meet with the accident 27
13. The judge asked the accused, "Have you ever been convicted before?"
14. "Why does the sky look blue ?" said the teacher to the boy.
15. The secretary of the association said. "How can we make people interested in our adult literacy programme?"
16. Ram said to me. "Could I use your phone?"
17. He said to himself, "How shall I prepare for my test if there is power failure?"
18. She said to me, "Is the man still unconscious?"
19. The nurse asked the patient, "Don't you feel better this morning?"
20. Father said to me, "Can you solve this problem?"
EXERCISE 2 (C)
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
1. Mr Sinha's secretary said to the client. "Have you got your documents with you?"
2. The merchant said, "Young man! Has some accident happened to your right hand?"
3. Shakuni said to Yudhishthira, "Have you not the peerless queen Draupadi ?"
4. Shyam said, "Well Hari, how did you fare in the examination?"
5. The ant said to the cricket, "What were you doing all the summer? Why do you beg from others instead of earning your own food?"
6. "Mamma! Have you slept well?" cried the son.
7. "James," I said, "where's that bicycle your father gave you?”
8. Ram said to his friends, "Why did you not send a message?"
9. The teacher said to Govind, "Would you like to go on a trip to Kashmir ?"
10. When I said that college was closed, he said, "Why and for how many days?"
11. I said to him, "Why are you spending so long on those accounts?"
12. "Would you like me to go through them and see if I can find a mistake?" I said to him.
13. "Will you not sing a few notes for me?" said the fox to the crow.
14. Shylock said to Antonio, "Why do you get so angry so quickly?"
15. "Do you hear me?" said Shylock to Antonio.
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