6. Now the tendency of the average man has always been to dwell on the emotional and ethical side of a case rather than on facts of the somewhat dull kind which interest the scientist. Let me take two examples, the problem of the American Negro and the problem of disease. A large number of Americans hold that the Negro is definitely inferior to the white man, and should, as far as possible, he segregated from him. Others believe that he should enjoy the same rights. The biologist cannot decide between them. He can point out that the Negro's skull is more ape-like than the white's but his hairless skin less so, and so forth. But he cannot note the results of the two divergent political views as to the Negro. In the country districts of the Southern States the birth rate of the Negro population exceeds the death rate. In the southern towns, and all through the north, more Negroes die than suitable to a white man, they die of consumption and other diseases, just as the white man dies on the West coast of Africa, the Negro's original home.
Word Meaning:
Tendency: प्रवृत्ति, Dwell On: के बारे में सोचना, Emotional: भावनात्मक, Ethical: नैतिक, Inferior To: से कम, Segregated: अलग करना, Skull: खोपड़ी, Ape Like: लंगूर के जैसा, So Forth: ऐसे ही, Divergent: अलग, Population: जनसंख्या, Birth Rate: जन्म दर, Death Rate: मृत्यु दर, Suitable: योग्य, Consumption: TB क्षय रोग, Coast:- समूद तटीय,
Para:-07
So if you keep the Negro out of cars, factories and so forth, or frighten him away from contact with whites by an occasional lynching, you drive him back to the Cotton fields where he lives healthy Ali and leads rapidly does creating a negro problem for future generation but if you extend the hand of friendship to him you also infected him with your maladies besides establishing in your midst a reservoir of disease germs.
Word Meaning:
Keep out: बाहर निकालना, Contacts: सम्पर्क, occasional: कभी कभी, Lynching: भीड़ द्वारा पीटकर हत्या, Breeds: जन्म देना, rapidly:तेजी से, Generation: पीढ़ी, Extend: बढ़ाना, Maladies: रोग, Establishing: स्थापित करना, Besides: के अतिरिक्त, Reservoir: भण्डार, Germs:- कीटाणु, Infect: प्रभावित / संक्रमित करना,
Para:-08
These results are quite typical of those obtained when our action is guided either by raw emotion of the political dogma rather than scientific thought. The main biological effect of the American Civil War was to raise the Negroes' death-rate and lower their birth-rate so enormously that it was only between 1910 and 1920 that the number of Negroes in the United States increased as much as it had done in the decade before the Civil War. If tomorrow the coloured population of the Southern States, but not the while, were given free access to cheap whisky and methods of birth control, the number of Negroes would probably begin to fall off! I believe that there are many other political questions, both national and international, whose sting would be removed by a consideration of biological facts.
Word Meaning:
Typical:- नमूना, obtained : प्राप्त किया, Guided: देखभाल किया, Raw: कच्चा, Emotion: भावना, Political:- राजनीति, Dogma: हठधर्मिता, Enormously: भयानक रूप से, Decade:- दशक, Casualty List:- सरकारी सूची, probably:- संभवतः, Sting:- डंक, Consideration: विचार, Access:- उपलब्ध,
para-09
Our approach to the problem of disease is even less rational. I am not thinking of Christian Scientists or spiritual healers, but of the average man or woman who has a certain belief in the results of modern medicine, and even of a part of the medical profession itself. Serious illness in ourselves or our friends always rouses a good deal of emotion. Now, when we are emotional about a subject we feel a need to believe something about it, and we do not care very much whether our beliefs are rational. The Pre-Christian attitude to disease was that it was a punishment from some deity for a sin either of the sick person, his family, or the whole community. Jesus did not take this view. When asked concerning a man born blind, ' Who did sin, this man, or his parents, that he was born blind?...' He replied,' Neither hath this man sinned nor his parents: but that the works of God should be made manifest in him.' This is not so unlike the attitude of the scientist who regards a case of disease as a manifestation of a natural law, which can only be cured or prevented when research has revealed the working of the law in question.
Word Meaning:
Para-10
But many religious people still hold to the views which Jesus combated, and those who believe themselves to be more enlightened are often in o better case. Many believe that diseases could be prevented by a return to nature. I suppose that the first step in a return to nature would be the discarding of clothes, which would at once increase the mortality from pneumonia about a hundred fold. of course, the phrase ' Living according to nature ' is quite meaningless. Civilized and savage man, health and sickness are equally parts of nature. Some features of civilization are bad for health, but for all that, such statistics as are available show that civilizes men live longer than uncivilized.
Word Meaning:
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