Saturday, September 17, 2022

Time and Tense

   Tense may be defined  as that form of the verb which  indicates the time and the state of action or events. Tense को क्रिया के उस रूप के रूप में परिभाषित किया जा सकता है जो समय और क्रिया या घटनाओं की स्थिति को इंगित करता है।

In other words we can say that tense is the study of the form of the verb. दूसरे शब्दों में हम कह सकते हैं कि काल क्रिया के रूप का अध्ययन है।

Tense denotes
(A) 
Time of  an action/event.
for example:--
 (I) He goes to school. (present time of action.)
(II)He went to school. (past time of action)
(III) He will go to school. (future time of action)
from the above sentences, it is clear that there are three main tenses.
(I)  Present Tense
(II)  Past Tense
(III)  Future Tense

(B) State of  an action/Progress of Action or event.
(i) I write a letter regularly. (Simple Present tense)

(ii) I am writing a letter . (Present Continuous tense)

(iii) I have written a letter. (Present Perfect tense)

(iv) I have been writing a letter for some time.
(Present perfect continuous tense)

These sentences show the state of an action.
 For example:-
in sentence (i) the action mentioned denotes habit/practice.
in sentence (ii) the action menttioned is still in progress at the time of speaking.

In sentence (iii) the action reffered to is described as complete or perfect.

In sentence (iv)  the action is continuing from the past into the present.








Difference between Time and Tense :

Time and Tense are two different words.Time is a non-gramatical term. it is free from the language and grammar.  Time shows the exact time of action.

but Tense is a fully grammatical term. It is not free from language and grammar. Tense shows the form of verb. 

The tense also gives a sense of time to work, but sometimes not.

Time और Tense दो अलग-अलग शब्द हैं। समय एक गैर-व्याकरणिक शब्द है। यह भाषा और व्याकरण से मुक्त है। समय action का सही समय दिखाता है। लेकिन Tense पूर्ण रूप से व्याकरणिक शब्द है। यह भाषा और व्याकरण से मुक्त नहीं है। Tense क्रिया के रूप को दर्शाता है। Tense भी काम करने का समय देता है, लेकिन कभी-कभी नहीं।

Kinds of Tense

There are three types of Tense

(I) Present Tense

(II) Past Tense

(III ) Future Tense

On the basis of the stage of progress or completness of the action represented by the verb , Tenses can further be categorised into four parts as aspects:--

1. Simple /Indefinite

2. Continuous

3. Perfect

4. Imperfect/ Perfect Continuous

(I)Types of Present Tense



(II) PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

(A)This tense is normally used for an action happening at the time of speaking. On action in progress.

For example: 
Ram is not working. Sita is swimming in the river.

(B) present continuous tense is also used to represent future action or a definite arrengement in the future e.g.
I am going to cenema tomarrow.
She is coming to night.

2. Krishna and Sudama Radiance VII

  1. Do you have a friend? आपका कोई दोस्त है क्या? What is common between you and him/her? आपके और उसके बीच क्या सामान्य है? What do you like most in him/her? आपको उसमें सबसे ज्यादा क्या पसंद है?

The story of friendship between Krishna and Sudama is very popular. कृष्ण और सुदामा की मित्रता की कहानी बहुत प्रचलित है। Krishna and Sudama studied together. कृष्ण और सुदामा ने एक साथ अध्ययन किया. Krishna was rich while Sudama was poor,  Still both were good friends कृष्ण अमीर थे जबकि सुदामा गरीब थे, फिर भी दोनों अच्छे दोस्त थे। They were always seen together.उन्हें हमेशा साथ देखा जाता था।












Time passed. Krishna became the king of Dwarika .वक्त निकल गया। द्वारिका के राजा बने।  But, Sudama's condition remained pitiable.लेकिन, सुदामा की हालत दयनीय बनी रही। His wife and children had to go to bed without meals very often.उनकी पत्नी और बच्चों को अक्सर बिना खाना खाए ही सोना पड़ता था।  Unable to bear with pitiable condition, Sudama's wife said to him, "You always tell us that Krishna, the king of Dwarika, is your friend. दयनीय स्थिति को सहन करने में असमर्थ, सुदामा की पत्नी ने उससे कहा, "आप हमेशा हमें बताते हैं/ कहते हैं कि द्वारिका के राजा कृष्ण आपके मित्र हैं। Why don't you meet him and ask him to help you ?"आप उनसे क्यों नहीं मिलते और उनसे आपकी मदद करने के लिए कहते हैं? His wife's repeated requests moved him eventually उनकी पत्नी के बार-बार अनुरोध ने उन्हें अंततः हिला दिया।  Sudama decided to visit Krishna in Dwarika सुदामा ने द्वारिका में कृष्ण के दर्शन करने का निश्चय किया। He reached the palace of Krishna in Dwarika वे द्वारिका में कृष्ण के महल में पहुंचे।He told the royal guards that he wanted to meet his friend Krishna. उसने शाही रक्षकों से कहा कि वह अपने मित्र कृष्ण से मिलना चाहता है। The guards paid no attention to him पहरेदारों ने उसकी ओर कोई ध्यान नहीं दिया। They could not believe that the person in rags would be the friend of their king. उन्हें विश्वास नहीं हो रहा था कि लत्ता पहना हुआ व्यक्ति उनके राजा का मित्र होगा। They did not allow him. उन्होंने उसे अनुमति नहीं दी।At last, one of the guards went to inform the king about Sudama.अंत में, एक रक्षक सुदामा के बारे में राजा को सूचित करने गया

Krishna rushed to the royal gate as soon as he heard Sudama's name सुदामा का नाम सुनते ही कृष्ण राज-द्वार की ओर दौड़ पड़े।   He hugged his childhood friend and requested him to come in the palace. 

उन्होंने अपने बचपन के दोस्त को गले लगाया और महल में आने का अनुरोध किया। 

All were astonished to see the king hugging a poor man in rags.

 राजा को लत्ता में एक गरीब आदमी को गले लगाते देख सभी हैरान रह गए


Sudama's wife had given him parched rice as a gift to Krishna .सुदामा की पत्नी ने उन्हें कृष्ण को उपहार के रूप में सूखे चावल दिए थे But Sudama was hesitant .लेकिन सुदामा हिचकिचा रहे थे। Will it be suitable for a King? क्या यह एक राजा के लिए उपयुक्त होगा?  he wondered. So he hid the potali of parched rice, Krishna saw him hiding it. He grabbed and untied it. He and his queen ate the parched rice with great delight.   वे शर्माएं। तो उसने पके चावल की पोटली छुपा दी, कृष्ण ने उसे छिपाते देखा। उसने पकड़ कर खोल दिया। उन्होंने और उनकी रानी ने पके हुए चावल को बड़े चाव से खाया


Sudama had a warm welcome at the palace. He was given rich food and beautiful clothes. Krishna himself cared a lot for his friend's needs, Sudama was pleased. He wanted to tell Krishna about his poor condition but his self-respect prevented him from doing so. Finally, Sudama returned home as poor as he was When he reached home, he was amazed to find a big palace in place of his old hut. सुदामा का महल में गर्मजोशी से स्वागत किया गया। उसे भरपूर भोजन और सुंदर कपड़े दिए गए। कृष्ण ने स्वयं अपने मित्र की आवश्यकताओं का बहुत ध्यान रखा, सुदामा प्रसन्न हुए। वह कृष्ण को उसकी खराब स्थिति के बारे में बताना चाहता था लेकिन उसके स्वाभिमान ने उसे ऐसा करने से रोक दिया। अंत में, सुदामा गरीब के रूप में घर लौट आया जब वह घर पहुंचा, तो वह अपनी पुरानी झोपड़ी के स्थान पर एक बड़ा महल पाकर चकित रह गया।

He asked a man about the new and beautiful buliding. The man replied that it was Sudama's palace. Sudama could not believe it.

उसने एक आदमी से नई और सुंदर बुलिंग के बारे में पूछा। उस व्यक्ति ने उत्तर दिया कि यह सुदामा का महल है। सुदामा को विश्वास नहीं हुआ।


Seeing Sudama standing outside the palace, his wife came out and took him in. Sudama became very happy to see his wife and children in good clothes.

सुदामा को महल के बाहर खड़ा देख उसकी पत्नी बाहर निकली और उसे अंदर ले गई। सुदामा अपनी पत्नी और बच्चों को अच्छे कपड़ों में देखकर बहुत खुश हुए।

Very soon Sudama realised that it was Krishna who had done all this while he was at Dwarika. Sudama felt thankful to his friend Krishna for the help. Only a friend can understand unspoken words.


बहुत जल्द सुदामा ने महसूस किया कि यह कृष्ण ही थे जिन्होंने द्वारिका में रहते हुए यह सब किया था। सुदामा ने सहायता के लिए अपने मित्र कृष्ण के प्रति कृतज्ञ महसूस किया। एक दोस्त ही अनकहे शब्दों को समझ सकता है।

Word Meaning: 

Story, Friendship, popular, studied, together, still, both, always, seen, time passed, became, condition, remained, pitiable, without, meal, often, unable, bear, meet, repeated, request, Eventually, decided, visit, palace, royal guard: शाही अंग रक्षक, wanted, paid, attention, believe, person, in rags, allow, at last, inform, about, rushed, gate, soon, heard, hugged, childhood, requested, astonished, hugging, parched rice, gift, hid, hesitant, suitable, wondered, grabbed, untied, delight, warm, welcome, rich food, cared, need, self- respect, prevented, finally, returned, amazed, hut, building, replied, standing, outside, took in, realised, done, while, thankful, understand, only, unspoken, words. 

SUBJECT: ENGLISH CLASS:VII

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the box.

welcome  brought  friends  cared

(1) Krishna and Sudama were .....Sudama.

(ii) Krishna ran to the gate to..... 

(iii) Krishna himself................. a lot for his friend's need.

(iv) Sudama little parched rice with him.

2. Arrange the following letters to make a meaningful word.

(i) suprep

(ii) sleva

(iii) maige

(iv) placae

3.Rewrite the following sentences, substituting 'compelled to' with 'had to' The first one has been done you.

(i) I was compelled to go - I had to go.

(ii) She was compelled to study medicine. (iii) They were compelled to beg sorry.

(iv) I was compelled to eat.

(v) He was compelled to walk on foot.


4. Answer the following questions in about 20 words.

(i) What did Sudama give to Krishna as a gift? 

(ii) How did Krishna feel when he took the gift from Sudama?

(iii) Why did the Wizard get angry with Aladdin?

(iv) When did the genie appear?


5. Answer the following questions :

How was Aladdin able to come out of the big hole?

or

Have you ever helped your friend?


CLASS:VII Set- 02                May 2022

1. Correct the spellings of the following words.

(i) hasitation

(ii) arrivel

(iii) wizerd

(iv) dalight

2. Write opposite words of the following 

(i) open

(ii) new

(iii) long

(iv) poor

3. Write 'T' for True and 'F' for false statement.

(i) The story of Krishna and Sudama has been taken from the Mahabharat.

(ii) Krishna and Sudama were enemies.

(iii) Aladdin lived with his father.

(iv) The wizard bought Aladdin a watch.


4. Answer these questions in one or two sentences.

(i) Why did Sudama's wife send him to Krishna?

(ii) How did Krishna welcome Sudama?

(iii) Why was Aladdin frightened in the hole?

(iv) How did Aladdin come of the hole?

 5. Answer the following questions :

(i) In what way did Krishna help his friend, Sudama.

or

Translate the following sentences into Hindi/ your Mother tongue.


(a) Krishna was a rich man while Sudama was a poor Brahmin.

(b) Both were good friends.

(c) Who are you?

(d) Aladdin lived in a small house with his mother.

(e) He used to spend his time playing in the street.









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