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(E) EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES

ऐसे वाक्यों में प्रसन्नता (Joy), शोक (Sorrow) या आश्चर्य (Surprise) आदि प्रकट किया जाता है।

Rule 1. Interjections (विस्मयादिबोधक शब्द) को समाप्त कर देते हैं क्योंकि इनके भाव तो Reporting Verb से स्पष्ट हो जाते हैं। Interjection Hurrah से joy, Alas से sorrow, What a तथा How से surprise तथा Bravo से approval प्रकट होता है।

Rule 2. Inverted Commas को that में बदल देते हैं।

Rule 3. Note of exclamation (!) के बदले Full Stop (.) का प्रयोग करते हैं अर्थात् Exclamatory Sentence को Assertive Sentence में बदल देते हैं।

Rule 4. Person और Tense का परिवर्तन Assertive Sentence की तरह होता है।

Rule 5. Reporting Verb said के स्थान पर आशय के अनुसार निम्न परिवर्तन करने चाहिए:-

(a) यदि प्रसन्नता प्रकट की गई है, तो exclaimed with joy का प्रयोग करते हैं। जैसे-exclaimed with delight आदि.

Direct : He said, "Hurrah! My old friend has come."
Indirect : He exclaimed with delight that his old friend had come.

(b) यदि शोक प्रकट किया गया हो तो exclaimed with sorrow या exclaimed with grief आदि का प्रयोग करते हैं। जैसे-

Direct : He said, "Alas! I am ruined."
Indirect : He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.

Direct :- He said to us, "Bravo! You have done well."
Indirect: He applauded us saying that we had done well

(d) Exclamatory Sentences जब What a या How से आरम्भ हों तो इनके द्वारा अधिकता प्रकट होती है। ऐसी दशा में इन शब्दों के स्थान पर very या green आदि शब्द लगा देते हैं। What a या How के बाद यदि Noun आता है तो उसे (What a या How को) great में बदलते हैं परन्तु उसके बाद Adjective आने पर उसे Very में बदलते हैं। इस प्रकार के वाक्यों में Reporting Verb said को exclaimed में बदल देते हैं। जैसे-

1. Direct :- Ram said to me, "How fast you are walking!"
Indirect :- Ram exclaimed that I was walking very fast.

2. Direct :- He said, "What a fool I am!"
Indirect :- He exclaimed that he was a great fool.

(e) यदि वाक्य में Good Heavens का प्रयोग हो तो Reporting Verb को exclaimed with surprise में बदल देते हैं। जैसे-

Direct :- "Good Heavens! I have dropped my key somewhere," he said.

Indirect - He exclaimed with surprise that he had dropped his key somewhere.

EXERCISE 5

Change into Indirect Speech:

1. The student said, "Alas! My friend is dead."

2. He said, "Alas! I am ruined."

3. The boys said, "Hurrah! We shall have a jolly holiday tomorrow."

4. They said, "What a nice flower it is!"

5. Sita said, "Alas! My house is on fire."

6. The teacher said, "What a naughty boy you are!"

7. He said, "Hurrah! I have passed the examination."

8. We said, "What a pleasant sight it is!"

9. The captain said to the players, "Bravo! well done."

10. He said, "How dangerous it is!"

11. The old man said, "Good Heavens! The hut has caught fire."

12. They said, "What a fall it was!"

13. The boys said. "Oh! We have won the match."

14. She said, "What a pity it is!"

15. The girl said. "What a fine picnic it has been!”

16. The soldiers said, "Bravo! We have won."

17. He said. "Curse it! Who could have expected such a turn of events,"

18. "How pretty you are!" said the fox to the crow.

19. The teacher said to me. "Congratulations! You have stood first in the class

20. The boys said. "Hurrah! We have a holiday."

21. "Curse it!" exclaimed the driver, "who could have foreseen such ill luck?"

(D) OPTATIVE SENTENCES

OPTATIVE SENTENCES का प्रयोग हो तो यह Optative अगर Reported Speech में प्रार्थना या कामना के अर्थ में 'May' का Sentence कहलायेगा ।

Rule 1. इसमें Reporting Verb said को wished, cursed या prayed में बदलकर sentence को Assertive में बदल देते हैं. Connective word 'that' लगाते हैं तथा Interjection के चिह्न (!) को हटा देते हैं। जैसे-

1. Direct :- He said to me, "May you live long!"
Indirect :- He wished that I might live long.

2. Direct :- The hermit said, "May you all go to hell!"
Indirect :- The hermit cursed that they all might go to hell.

NOTE :

(a) शुभ-कामना व्यक्त करने के लिये wish तथा शाप के लिये curse का प्रयोग होता है।

(b) prayed का प्रयोग ईश्वर से प्रार्थना करने के लिये होता है। जैसे-

Direct :- He said to me, "May God help you!"
Indirect :- He prayed that God might help me.

Rule 2. यदि Reported Speech में Goodbye या Good night का प्रयोग होता है तो said के स्थान पर bade का प्रयोग करते हैं तथा Good morning का प्रयोग हो तो said के स्थान पर wished लिखते हैं।

Direct :- Anand said, "Good night, Krishna! We will meet again tomorrow."

Indirect :- Anand bade good night to Krishna and said that they would meet again the next day.

Direct :- He said, "Goodbye, my friends!"

Indirect :- He bade goodbye to his friends. Or

He bade his friends goodbye.

Direct :- Ravi said, "Good morning, my friend!"

Indirect :- Ravi wished his friend good morning.

EXERCISE:- 4

Change into Indirect Speech:

1. I said to Anand, "May you always be happy!"

2. She said to me, "May you prosper in life!"

3. The beggar said to me, "May you prosper in life!"

4. He said to his teacher, "Good morning, and sir."

5. She said. "May God bless Hari with a son?”

6. Ram said to his friend, "May you lead a happy life!"

7. My sister said to me, "May you succeed in the examination!"

8. The woman said to him, "May you be ruined!"

9. Mohan said, "May you have a happy journey!"

10. They said to me, "Many happy returns of the day!"

11. They said, "Long live our Prime Minister!"

12. They said to the couple, "Happy conjugal life!"

13. He said, "May you have a happy journey!"

14. He said to me, "Happy New Year!"

15. Ravi said. "Many happy returns of the day!”

16. He said, "Goodbye, my countrymen!”

17. My friend said to me, "Good morning. I am happy to see you!"

18. The hermit said to him, "May you live long!"

19. He said to me, "May you live long!"

20. The son said, "Good morning. Mamma!”

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E. RULES FOR EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES TO CHANGE DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH

D.RULES FOR OPTATIVE SENTENCES FOR CHANGE DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH